Heavy metal intoxication

Abstract

Although some debate exists as to the subject, elements which are classified under ‘heavy metals’ have come to be those which pose a threat to humans in terms of toxicity. Intoxication with heavy metals is not a typical diagnosis as it is fairly uncommon. This can impose a risk on people who fail to be diagnosed and removed from the source of exposure, increasing morbidity and mortality. For the purposes of this chapter, in order of atomic weight, the following metals will be discussed: Aluminium, Chromium, Selenium, Silver, Cadmium, Mercury and Lead. A brief introduction of each element’s chemical and physical properties will be given, as well as its sources in the environment and any uses. Each metal’s toxicity will be illustrated using several actual cases of poisoning. In instances were human cases are not available, animal studies will be discussed. Any treatments for intoxication will be explained at the end of each section.